The Culture Of Australian Aborigines - 1533 Words

Australian Aborigines â€Å"Are People identical or akin when their activities and productions are alike (Mason 101-117)?† Amongst cultures, which are geographically far away from each other one can find very similar customs, industry, fine art and government or myth. How can it be that two people that have never seen each other have so many things in common? Although every single person may have their own identity, characteristics, interests and loves and fears, they are all still very similar. Instinct sameness is the term for every individual being alike. This can be seen in the human psyche, which is basically the same for every man and woman. Furthermore, every human being craves love and seeks survival. Both, coming of age- and marriage rituals are shared by most cultures. While the rituals vary from culture to culture, coming of age rituals are usually supposed to mark a boy/girl’s entrance into adulthood. Safety is probably the number one affair we deal with and since the coming of age is the time where a boy/girl becomes a lot more independent, we want them to be safe. Not every culture defines a certain age when someone is considered an adult, like in the USA where you are an adult once you are 18 years old. In cultures, where survival is an everyday fight, coming of age rituals are a significant test to tell when a boy/girl is ready to survive on his/her own. While coming of age is essential, the trait of marriage offers a lot more varieties and is handledShow MoreRelatedThe Culture Of Aboriginal Australians1561 Words   |  7 PagesDemolishing the Culture of Aboriginal Australians In Australia before the late eighteenth century, the native Aboriginal people’s unique culture flourished, fostering a great sense of pride within its inhabitants. The Aborigines were able to familiarize themselves with their geographical surroundings, which in turn helped them to obtain food, while simultaneously upholding their many traditional spiritual and ancestral beliefs. Many native songs, dances, and collections of art were referenced byRead MoreThe White Man and the Australian Aborigines618 Words   |  3 PagesThe dominant, non-indigenous culture that has repetitively shouldered its way into control in one region after another around the world is comprised primarily of European white people. Peoples who were derived largely from Anglo-Saxon genetics, peoples who have seemingly refined their lifeways to bear little if any resemblance to the indigenous cultures to which they themselves can ultimately trace their roots. This culture considers its languages, tradition s, religions and everything about themRead MoreThe Aboriginal Protection Act 19091250 Words   |  5 PagesThe Aborigines Protection Act 1909 (NSW) was a law that changed Indigenous Australian lives forever. The act enabled the New South Wales Board for the Protection of Aborigines to essentially control the lives of Aboriginal people. It was the Aborigines Protection Act 1909 (NSW) that had major provisions that resulted in the containment and suffering that Aboriginal people endured. This suffering included the practice of forcible removing Indigenous children from their families. These major provisionsRead MoreThe Australian Aboriginals are the Native People of Australia745 Words   |  3 Pageswhat might have happened in the Australian past? The Australian Aboriginals are natives of Australia and have lived there for many years. The Aborigine people have roamed Australia, the free-flowing land, for years, developing many customs and aspects to an interesting culture: language, body painting, beliefs, laws, music, hunting and art. The Australian Aboriginals are the native people of Australia. They roamed the land for 40,000 years. The Indigenous Aborigines lived as nomads, hunter-gatherersRead MoreAustralian Aborigines And Their Crisis1304 Words   |  6 PagesMadison Lafitte Karol Chandler-Ezell Cultural Anthropology 231.001 11/17/2014 Australian Aborigines and their Crisis Australia’s Aborigines are often hailed as the world’s longest surviving culture, easily dating back 60,000 years, existing long before many ancient societies such as the Greeks and Romans. Since they are such an old culture many people wonder how they were able to remain in existence for so long while of culture perished around them. The answer can be found in their adaptive nature; havingRead MoreWhich Policy Had the Largest Impact on the Indigenous Australians1018 Words   |  5 Pageslargest impact on Indigenous Australians? Through research the Assimilation Policy had the largest impact upon Indigenous Australians and the three supporting arguments to prove this are the Aborigines losing their rights to freedom, Aboriginal children being removed from their families, and finally the loss of aboriginality. The Assimilation was a policy set by the government in 1937 and went to till 1964. This policy of Assimilation was set not just for Aborigines in Australia but for all foreignRead MoreAnthropology : Indigenous People And Tribes Essay1164 Words   |  5 Pagesdepopulation, despite the fact, that in many cases, it is followed by cultural and social disintegration. I will bring up the reasons to why outside contact change tribes, and why these their cultures change over time due to outside contact. So what is Social Anthropology, and how does it relate to Australian Aborigines? Social Anthropology is the comparative study of the ways in which people live in different social and cultural settings across the globe. If we wanted to go even deeper, AnthropologyRead MoreThe Protection Of Aboriginal State Wards1697 Words   |  7 Pagesstill going on. The protection is an Act to provide for the protection and care of aborigines [20th December, 1909.] This was made for all aboriginals but mainly the children as it includes the right of the Protection Board to remove youth from Aboriginal Reserves and had placed them into service like the image above which was taken in a camp. Primary Source that was taken in 1928, Children are removed by the Aborigines Protection Board from the Gully at Katoomba. They’re either transferred to BakersvilleRead MoreAnthropology : Indigenous People And Tribes Essay1244 Words   |  5 Pagesthe fact, that in many cases, it s followed by cultural and social disintegration. I will bring up the reasons to why outside contact changes Indigenous people/tribes, and why these their cultures have changed juristically over time. So what is Social Anthropology, and how does it relate to Australian Aborigines? Social Anthropology is the study of the ways in which people live in different social and cultural settings across the globe. If we wanted to go even deeper, Anthropology itself is the studyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem My Island Home 1009 Words   |  5 Pagesmountain ranges, beaches, and the famous Australian outback. Many Australians greatly embrace the distinct qualities that define Australia. This has led to a large movement of Australian nationalism, where citizens are proud to be a part of the country. These people have often used the arts as an outlet to express the loyalty that they have for their country. As a result, multitudes of art and literature have been created over the years that illustrate Australian pride. â€Å"My Island Home† is a song

My Breaching Social Norm Experiment - 921 Words

For my breaching social norm experiment, I was determined to do something I would never do even if it was a dare, especially since my ability to interact with strangers is not what I consider advanced. So, I decided to make people feel uncomfortable by holding their hand. What I would do is walk up to the person from behind and slowly make my way to their hand to make them feel even more uncomfortable. People normally hold hands with their significant other, or with someone they know, like a friend or family member, so to be holding hands with a stranger is infrequent and abnormal. In preparation for starting our experiment, it took my confidant, Carla, and I about an hour to finally initiate the first move. Before even holding hands with strangers my mind was swirling with multiple questions and thoughts, like â€Å"Why am I even doing this?†, â€Å"I don’t appreciate making people feel uncomfortable.†, â€Å"Why is Mrs.Henry torturing me!†, â€Å"Can I just not do it?†, and so on. In addition to my thoughts and questions, I felt myself sweating and my stomach felt as if it was in a twisted knot. While I approached my first victim I felt the temperature of my body raise up to boiling point and the color of my skin turn from snow white to lava red in a split second. To make things worse, once I held onto the lady s hand, she was gripping onto mine and was holding on tight, and my reaction was to laugh because when you are in an uncomfortable situation you honestly don’t know how toShow MoreRelatedBreaching Experiment935 Words   |  4 PagesBreaching Experiment Name Class Affiliation Instructor Date In social psychology and sociology field, a breaching experiment is one that evaluates the reaction of people to violation of accepted norms. The experiments consist of the exhibition of conscious engender, and social structure analysis that make the social reaction possible. In today’s world, it seems everybody owns a mobile phone, and when people are in public areas, particularly a library, it is a social norm to either put itRead MoreBreaching Reflection Paper1357 Words   |  6 PagesDuring syllabus week, I was immediately interested in the breaching experiment. I have always been interested in the challenging the mundane aspects of our culture and seeing how people react. A breaching experiment is an experiment that is used to observe and record reactions of people in which an individual breaks a social rule or norm. Breaching experiments are important because even if you don’t realize it, following the rules that have been set around us and acting like everyone else shows thatRead MoreThe Importance Of Breaching A Social Norm1075 Words   |  5 PagesBreaching is a type of sociological experiment where a social norm is purposefully broken and the reactions of people unaware of the experiment are noted. It can be used to discover how people react when presented with a situation to which they are not accustomed. Along with that, it is important because some reactions are more or less severe based on their experiences and how developed their generalized other is in regards to the norm being breached. Some things that are considered mores in oneRead MoreSocial Order And Its Effect On Society1386 Words   |  6 PagesEvery day social order is taken for granted. Social order is related to social realities, which are shared expectations about a chain of events, the types of people involved and associated behaviors and feelings (O’Brien, 2011). It is not until someone violates these realities and interactional routines that they recognize the difference and become aware. For this reason, during the 1950s, Harold Garfinkel developed the breaching experiment; a breaching experiment is an activity used in social scienceRead MoreEssay On Social Norm1321 Words   |  6 PagesFor my breaching project, I will be brea king the social norm of wearing shoes. I believe it is a social norm to wear shoes when outside. From my observation, around Bluffton University, it is normal for students and professors to wear some sort of footwear while in the classroom or outside. I realize there is a group of students on campus who already do not wear shoes, so to differentiate myself I will be wearing only socks. I choose this norm project because it was something subtle since I amRead MoreBreaching Social Norm Experiment922 Words   |  4 PagesFor my breaching social norm experiment I was determined to do something I would never do even if it was a dare, especially since my ability to interact with strangers is not the best. So, I decided to make people feel uncomfortable by holding their hand. What I would do is walk up to the person from behind and slowly make my way to their hand to make them feel even more uncomfortable. People normally hold hands with their significant other, or with someone they kno w like a friend or family memberRead MoreTypes Of Norms And Each Type Have Their Own Set Of Rules1860 Words   |  8 Pagesdecided to wear neon colors? Would you not be taken aback if one day, you came home to find your father and his sister interacting with each other sexually? Is this normal? How are social norms defined? Social norms are behaviors that are considered acceptable in a group or society. However, there are many types of norms and each type have their own set of â€Å"rules†. Tacit rules are rules that are generally understood but are not precisely recorded. Tacit rules, if broken can not be punished with legalRead MoreSocial Norms : How People Interact With One Another Essay2032 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Social norms are expectations in regards to human behavior--impacting how we talk, behave, and perceive one another. They act as a mutual understanding of how people should engage with one another with nonverbal and verbal communication. Social norms guide our everyday lives, which can include but not limited to: washing hands after going to the bathroom, shaking hands when we introduce ourselves, and making eye contact when talking to someone.When these social patterns are broken, peopleRead MoreA Experiment On Breaching Experiment2249 Words   |  9 Pages Breaching Experiment The first norm I violated was sitting with my own â€Å"clique† during lunch. This is more than common in high schools and even middle schools. In regards to social control, this norm creates a spot in society for an individual, giving them a sense of belonging. This sense of belonging leads to self-assigned seats and allows people with similar interests or ideals to be better connected. To violate this norm I sat with people who did not know who I am without asking prior toRead MoreCorporate Environmental and Social Management7337 Words   |  30 PagesCORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT Unit 46 Assignment Table of Contents Introduction............................................................................................................................ 2 I. The development of global, European and national policies relating to sustainability. 2 1. Changing attitudes of public, politicians and businesses to the environment since 1945 ..........................................................................................

Thematic Evaluation Of Thematic Development - 1145 Words

THEMATIC PANEL 6 (ACTS 16:6–19:20) EVALUATION OF THEMATIC DEVELOPMENT Student: DeAnna Martin COLUMN 1 PARAGRAPHS COLUMN 2 IMMEDIATE CONTEXT (STORIES OR SPEECHES) COLUMN 3 MAJOR POINTS COLUMN 4 PANEL TITLE AND THEMATIC SUMMARY STATEMENT 16:6–10 Paul got a vision that his assistance was required in Macedonia Paul was directed to Macedonia by the Holy spirit Paul had to go on his second missionary journey The ministry grew and expanded into areas such as Greece whereby he went on his second and third journeys where there was a high population of Jews and gentiles. He faced a high level of hostility from the Jews. 16:11–12 Paul travelled to Macedonia 16:13–15 Lydia got saved Lydia was the first Christian in that region Lydia welcomed Paul†¦show more content†¦to check on its authenticity 17:13–15 Some Jews in Thessalonica heard about Paul’s preaching The Jews felt agitated and wanted to stir up the people in Berea to be unreceptive to the teachings. Paul was sent to the coast while Timothy and Silas were left in Berea 17:16–21 Paul tried to reason with the people of Athens The people were taking part in idolatry Epicurean and Stoic philosophers listened to Paul as they tried to argue out their different views 17:22–23 Paul challenged the people of Athens because of worshipping gods of idols Some inscriptions were made to unknown gods to show that they were not aware of the existing goods Paul tried to reason with the people using words from the scripture 17:24–28 Paul proclaimed the superiority that God held and did not require worshipping as was accorded to the idols Paul declared the omnipresence of God People only need to reach out to God through praying and living according to his will 17:29–31 God made man in his image People should know that God’s image is like that of human beings and not idols Individuals shouldShow MoreRelatedThematic Apperception Test Personality Assessment1715 Words   |  7 PagesThematic Apperception Test for Personality Assessment Karen Y. Long Park University Test and Measurement September 2010 Abstract The history of the Thematic Apperception Test is controversial. This test was published in 1943 and is still widely used today. Being able to look at a photo card as a stimulus for storytelling was a breakthrough for personality testing. This test has its share of controversy as far as reliability, validity and cultural implications. Key words; thematic, validityRead MoreThe Tat: the Thematic Apperception Test Essay1506 Words   |  7 PagesThe TAT: The Thematic Apperception Test Suzette Lamb Argosy University The TAT test was developed in the 1930s by psychologists Henry A. Murray, Christiana D. Morgan and other colleagues at the Harvard Psychological Clinic. The TAT Test or Thematic Apperception Test is a projective psychological test used to explore the unconscious of an individual in order to reveal the underlying parts of personality, internal conflicts, motives and interests. It has been one of the most widely usedRead MoreThe, The And, And The New York Times And Tehran1515 Words   |  7 Pagespremise is that sentences consist of themes, which present known, context-dependent information, and rhemes, which present new, context-independent information. Because they represent new information, it is rhemes rather than themes which push text development forward. According to Halliday (2004), theme is the element which serves as the point of departure of the message. When theme is conflated with the subject, it is called unmarked theme, and when a theme is something other than the subjectRead MoreShame Is A Powerful Emotion Which Has Great Influence On Social Behavior1504 Words   |  7 Pageswhich is damaged by experiencing shame on a long term (Tangney, Burggraf Wagner, 1995). This particular feeling might trigger violent outbreak or complete withdrawal or cause anger as a defensive reaction, which aims to neutralise the negative evaluation (Weiner, Tennen Suls, 2012; Baumeister, Smart Boden 1996). Relating shame to social conflict theories, Scheff (1999) hypothesized if the shame is recognised, a bond of cohesion and trust can be formed, although shame is frequently unacknowledgedRead More14 Best Reading Practices956 Words   |  4 Pagesawareness, phonics, word recognition, structural analysis, context clues, vocabulary).       Best Practice 2: Assessment to Inform Instruction Teachers routinely monitor and assess the reading levels and progress of individual students. This ongoing evaluation directs and informs instruction.       Best Practice 3: Instructional Planning Teachers plan instruction considering three phases: before, during and after reading.       Best Practice 4: Collaboration and Reflection Teachers routinely self-reflectRead MoreReport of Seasonal Goods1608 Words   |  7 PagesDefinitions of Document Types CAE: A Country Assistance Evaluation examines Bank performance in a particular country, usually over the past four to five years, and reports on its conformity with the relevant Bank Country Assistance Strategy (CAS) and on the overall effectiveness of the specific CAS. CAS: A Country Assistance Strategy Document is the central tool of World Bank Management and the Board of Executive Directors for reviewing and guiding the World Bank Groups country programs andRead Morethe importance of diversity in counselling contexts13352 Words   |  54 PagesBraun, V. and Clarke, V. (2006) Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3 (2). pp. 77-101. ISSN 1478-0887 We recommend you cite the published version. The publisher’s URL is http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa Refereed: Yes This is an electronic version of an article published in †Braun, Virginia and Clarke, Victoria (2006) Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3 (2). pp. 77?101†. Qualitative Research in PsychologyRead MoreThe Government s Strategic Options For Agriculture1072 Words   |  5 PagesEgypt is classified as a low-income, food-deficit country (LIFDC). In 1999 the country imported 7.9 million tons of grains or 50 percent of its needs. The Government’s strategic options for agriculture (up to 2017) include the following thematic elements: a) Achieve higher growth rate of 4.1 percent in the agricultural sector through vertical and horizontal expansion. b) Promote more efficient use of land and water, enhance agricultural research and extension, expand credit, and improve marketingRead MoreGender Stereotypes In Disney1523 Words   |  7 Pagesand gendered behaviors when acting like a princess. Thematic analyses revealed four common themes that appeared in princess play: beauty, focus on clothing and accessories, princess body movements, and the exclusion of boys. The social cognitive theory has eminence in recent research on gendered stereotypes and the mass media and specifies pretend play, mass media, and gender-typed play materials as an important contribution to gender development. Due to a past study done, Baker-Sperry 2007, GoldenRead MoreObservational Ratings Of Therapist Interventions1268 Words   |  6 Pagesphenomenon and must be viewed through a developmental, ecological and systems lens. Biological, social, cognitive, personality, interpersonal, transactional, familial, cultural, developmental and social ecological aspects can all contribute to the development, persistence, worsening and chronicity of drug problems. Thus, adolescent drug-use must be understood from developmental and ecological perspectives in which practitioners must think in terms of the interaction among multiple systems and levels

The Reggio Emilia Approach Essay - 1381 Words

The Reggio Emilia Approach Hailed by Newsweek (1991) magazine as the international role model for preschools, the Reggio Emilia approach has caught the attention of early childhood educators. In 1999, current Secretary of Education, Richard W. Riley visited the schools in Reggio Emilia to better understand its benefits (Dunne, 2000). It’s principals are understood by only a few, however, and has limited following with approximately 1200 Reggio inspired preschools in operation, most of them private (Sipprelle, 2009), making the innovative ideas offered by this approach available to only a few. Why have so few schools emulated those so successful in Reggio Emilia, Italy? Is Reggio Emilia applicable in the American classroom? A look†¦show more content†¦The land was donated and so was the labor. Many of the materials were recycled from the ruins created by the war (Source, 0000). While there is no fixed curriculum or one specific model to emulate, the Reggio Emilia approach does have some essential components, some fundamental ideas about how children learn most effectively. The utmost is the idea that the young child is inherently competent not only as a learner but as an initiator. The child has preferences and opinions that have value and should be listened to with respect and care, knowing that they have much to offer their classroom community and community at large. This pedagogy plays a large role in shaping the Reggio classroom. It allows the children to pursue projects which are interesting and meaningful and then allowing adequate time to follow those projects with passion. The Reggio Emilia approach is an emergent curriculum because it is developed and shaped by the interests of the child, through negotiations between the child, parents and teachers. This is done in a Reggio classroom by in large and small group projects in which the children engage. The projects involve planning, hands-on activities, research, and representation through a variety of visual media. The observant teacher collects documentation which is a vital component of the Reggio philosophy in the form of written anecdotes, samples of childrens work, photographs and videos. This information is used to reflect on theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Reggio Emilia Approach To Education And The Shades Of Pink1034 Words   |  5 Pagesto scholastic, â€Å"Color and shape are ways children observe and categorize what they see. These very recognizable characteristics encourage children to define and organize the diverse world around them.† (church). This article is about the Reg gio Emilia approach to education and the Shades of Pink study. The shades of Pink study describes how six preschoolers and their teacher engaged in a collaborative learning project through which they learned about the shades of a color--in this case, pink. UnderstandingRead MoreImplementing The Reggio Emilia Approach For Low Income Pre Kindergarten Students1283 Words   |  6 Pagesthe idea of implementing The Reggio Emilia Approach for low-income pre-kindergarten students to increase literacy and language acquisition, attempting to close the academic achievement socioeconomic status gap. The Reggio Emilia Approach was founded by Loris Malaguzzi in Reggio Emilia, Italy in the 1960s. An Educational Psychologist, Malaguzzi created an approach to education that put the child at the center of it all (Reggio Emilia Approach). The Reggio Emilia Approach considers the child to haveRead MoreCritical Pedagogy And The Reggio Emilia1533 Words   |  7 PagesCritical pedagogy and The Reggio Emilia approach on play based learning should be merged into early childhood education as obtaining the skills to critically analyze and problem solve has the potential to change society and thus the potential to change the world. It is important individuals become aware of what critical pedagogy is. Critical pedagogy stems from the idea that there is an unequal social structure in our society which is based upon class, race and gender. It has been formulated andRead MoreCurriculum Approaches2578 Words   |  11 PagesMontessori and Reggio Emilia are progressive approaches to early childhood education that appear to be growing in New Zealand and have many points in common. In each approach, children are viewed as active authors of their own development, strongly influenced by natural, dynamic, self-righting forces within themselves, opening the way towards growth and learning. Teachers depend on carefully prepared, aesthetically pleasing environments that serve as a pedagogical tool and provide strong messagesRead MoreA Critique - Reggio Emilia Approach a Educational Philosophy1120 Words   |  5 PagesREGGIO EMILIA APPROACH A EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY I fully support the Reggio Emilia Approach model which was found by Loris Malaguzzi. This model became associated with mainstream educational practices in 1945 when the first parent-run preschool of the common people opened in Reggio Emilia, Italy. The Reggio Emilia Approach is an educational philosophy focused on preschool and primary education. The destruction from the war, parents believed, necessitated a new, quick approach to teachingRead MoreEvaluation Of Teaching : Three Preschool Programs993 Words   |  4 Pagesschools have multi-aged classes that have self-correcting materials that the children use. The children are allowed to make use of any of the equipment in the classroom after they have been given a silent demonstration by the teacher. The High/Scope, Approach founded in 1970 by the work that Dave Weikart and Connie Kamii did on the Parry Preschool Project. These early educators thought that early education could prevent school failure in high school. They believed that children learn by mentally and physicallyRead More`` Beautiful Stuff ! By Cathy Weisman Topal And Lella Gandini Essay1729 Words   |  7 PagesThrough this approach students acquire a deeper knowledge through active exploration of real-world challenges and problems. Beautiful Stuff! is a book written by Cathy Weisman Topal and Lella Gandini that shares the journey of real teachers in a real school who were inspired by educators from Reggio Emilia, Italy. Cathy Topal spent two mornings a week in the preschool and kindergarten as a visual aid teacher. Lella Gandini consulted with teachers about aspects of the Reggio Emilia approach. The teachersRead MoreSimilarities and Differences between Reggio Emilia and High Scope1681 Words   |  7 PagesTwo cu rriculums that are used are High Scope and Reggio Emilia. Both of these curriculums have unique aspects that make up their curriculums. In addition, High Scope and Reggio Emilia have similarities and differences. In Ypsilanti, Michigan Dr. David P. Weikard created High Scope in 1970. High Scope does research in a variety of areas. However, they are best known for their research in preschool education and their preschool curriculum approach. High Scope preschool curriculum is used throughoutRead MoreI Am Attending Duke Street Daycare1193 Words   |  5 Pagestotal of six staff members. I have attached the center’s guidance policy and daily schedule. I am working with the 3-4’s and the schedule attached is strictly followed which is interesting to me, because the center says they believe in the Reggio Emilia approach. The center enforces guidance with positive reminders than negatively, the staff evidently practiced this. All the teachers speak to the children with kind voices yet use different strategies of guidance rather than yelling or saying no. ForRead MoreMy Role As An Educator1014 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout this term, we have learned various models of teaching s uch as: Reggio Emilia, Montessori, Waldorf, Forest, HighScope and Head Start. My role as an educator is to implement a variety of learning strategies taught to me. As I learned about each models of teaching, I still hold my bias towards the Reggio Emilia Approach, but I also like some aspect of the HighScope curriculum. In my personal philosophy, I will talk about what I believe to be an â€Å"image of a child† and role of an educator.

Export Strategy Information Document Free Essays

The aim of this assignment is to demonstrate knowledge of the information and data needed to formulate an export strategy. This will be achieved by way of addressing the following: 1. What is meant by the ‘business and market environment’ of a target market? What kind of information would an exporter need to collect? 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Export Strategy Information Document or any similar topic only for you Order Now What is meant by the concepts ‘market segmentation’ and distribution channels’? What kind of information would an exporter need to collect? 3. What are the financial issues, export practicalities and technicalities that an exporter would need to know about to in the context of developing an export strategy? Business and market environment of a target market Exporting is a more difficult business task than importing (Weiss 2008). It is a challenge exacerbated by the global economic recession, remarkable growth and emerging economic might of China and India and the increasing pace of globalisation (Albaum and Duerr 2011). Although technological advances such as the Internet have made it possible for even the smallest businesses to sell their products and services around the world with relative ease (Albaum and Duerr 2011), there is still a need for a clearly thought out export strategy. A nucleus of business activity, this master plan is like a satellite navigation system stating the destination of the business and the route it should take to get there. Weiss (2008) believes exporters need to know as much about target export markets as possible before any business transaction takes place. This information, he argues, should be based on a critical evaluation of the target market and tailored to the relevant product to be exported as part of a ‘market-entry plan including an initial marketing mix’ (Weiss 2008, p101). What he is referring to is essentially a blueprint of the business and market environment of the target market. The importance of understanding the business and market environment of the target market, namely, the political, ‘legal, regulatory, financial and institutional systems’ are critical factors in determining success in the export sector (Commander and Svejnar 2011, p309). This can give crucial insights into the levels of corruption, number of regulations, taxation laws, business licensing and macroeconomic policies (Commander and Svejnar 2011). Although target market studies tend to be product dependent, knowledge of local customers’ culture, hopes, language, predilection, buying capability, and the country’s international standards, state of development, infrastructure, transportation and environmental concerns are important considerations when formulating an export strategy. Furthermore, Commander and Svejnar (2011) stress the significance of indicators such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), human capital and social factors such as health care expenditure and tertiary school enrolment. The inference here is that a more highly educated workforce may perform better and reduced costs of any necessary training and healthier workers may take less sick leave. In ensuring that a full picture of the target market is obtained, Cadogan et al. (2012) argue that attention should be paid to data other than from the target market and there needs to be more flexibility in export market oriented behaviour. Kalafsky (2009) believes personal relationships can prove influential in some target markets. For example, ‘face-to-face contact is important in the Chinese market’ (Kalafsky 2009, p47). In an adaptation of Porter’s (1979) Five Forces framework, it could be argued that exporters should take into account rivalry among competitors, threat of potential entry into target market, bargaining power of supplier, negotiating capability of buyers and threats of substitutes. Notwithstanding this, factors such as tariffs and non-tariff regulations, quotas, maturity of market, its structure and rival products are also of significance. In this way a heterogeneous range of perspectives of the business and market environment would give impetus to the export strategy. Market segmentation Market segmentation is where companies establish ‘segments of demand’, ‘target specific segments’ and ‘develop specific marketing ‘mixes’ for each targeted market segment’ (Hunt and Arnett 2004, p7). According to McDonald and Dunbar (2010, p9) it is an ‘alternative to product differentiation’ – the ‘process of splitting customers, or potential customers, in a market into different groups, or segments’. A crucial factor in McDonald and Dunbar’s (2010) definition is the emphasis on customers, who they are argue, are no longer content to play a secondary role, but are more market savvy and experienced enough to specify exactly what they require. Part of the reason for segmentation is that it can be used to divide large markets creating sectors that cater for geographic such as climate, area and location; demographic and socioeconomic like income, education, job, age, gender; family dimensions and house occupier status; behaviour relating to brand loyalty and psychographic in terms of attitude, lifestyle choices and values. Segmenting in such a way can ensure accurate and precise product and service placing. An important dimension of an export market strategy is to determine the segment of the market the company wishes to target. In this way a company will ascertain the potential buyers of its products in the target market, reasons for buying, situatedness of customers and any salient features. Bloom (2005) has argued that ineffective segmentation may lead to strategic marketing opportunities being overlooked and a firm not benefiting from a tactical campaign. Factors such as the proportion of the segment and its profitability are, therefore, crucial features of a marketing plan. Distribution channels How to operate distribution channels is of critical significance to the success or failure of an export business (Madsen, Moen and Hammervold 2012). This means making important judgements in utilising options such as the choice of foreign export firm to assume responsibility for the operation abroad. The locally recruited company would be charged with unearthing sales outlets, establishing its own export management, trading by way of local representatives, locating and using storage facilities and handle as decisions and setting up its own sales branch. The level of responsibility assigned to a distributor or agent is dependent on the number of product rights an exporter holds (Madsen, Moen and Hammervold 2012). This may include marketing roles like pricing and delivery strategies, communication and locating customers. However, it is worth noting that overburdening a distributor with too many tasks could make them less effective. Such is the significant role of the distributor that it is essential that good relations are maintained (Zhang, Cavusgil and Roath 2003). ‘Relationships between exporting firms and other members of the international distribution channel can significantly impede or enhance performance in export markets’ ( Matear, Gray, Irving 2000, p539). With the likelihood of long distances between exporter and their distribution channel trust between parties will be a central feature of this relationship. Financial issues Financial assistance for exporters and investors may be obtained through government schemes, credit export agencies or other financial institutions. According to UK Trade and Investments (2013), such assistance may be available through insurance policies and guarantees on bank loans. This could also be in the form of bond support, overseas investment insurance, credit insurance and loan guarantees (UK Trade and Investment 2013). Notwithstanding this, due to high default risk and the required level of working capital associated with international trade export, businesses are more sensitive to financial shocks (Amiti and Weinstein 2011). Furthermore, exporters have a greater need for working-capital than those of domestic operating businesses, because of the longer time constraint experienced in international trade, especially when using the sea as the mode of transport (Amiti and Weinstein 2011). The global economic downturn since 2008 has led to export finance being a main casualty of the European Bank retrenchment and having a high dependency on large amounts for long periods has led to limited financial institutions being able to offer monetary assistance (O’Connell 2012). This undoubtedly have had a significant impact on international business operations, limiting trade opportunities and progression. To increase a business’ prospect for successful exporting a systematic approach should be employed (Cavusgil, Knight and Riesenberger 2008). The assessment of the potential markets (global market opportunity), organising for export, acquiring the necessary skills and competences and executing export strategies are of significant importance (Cavusgil, Knight and Riesenberger 2008). Export practicalities and technicalities A precise understanding of the practicalities for exporting is vital. When exporting within the European Union (EU), for example, these include commercial documents, duties, charging and accounting for VAT, responsibility for trade statistics, sales list and intrastat (Enterprise Europe Network 2013). Even though there may be a slight differentiation when exporting outside the EU, there are necessary considerations such as new export system this permits exporters to make electronic declaration. Export licences is also vital. Johnson and Turner (2010) assert licensing reduces restrictions from the host countries regarding entering foreign markets. Further assistance and information on the practices and technicalities involved in exporting may be obtained from the market access database and International Commerce Terms (Incoterms) (Enterprise Enterprise Network, 2013). How to cite Export Strategy Information Document, Papers

Nursing Implications of Using Double Gloves During the Surgery

Question: Discuss about theNursing Implications of Using Double Gloves During the Surgery. Answer: Introduction Health workers experience to high risks in their work, especially in the operating room. Deadly viruses are prevalent. Thus the nurses should be adequately protected from them. Gloves safeguard their body from coming into contact with the victim's blood and fluid, and this minimizes their chances of infection. However, gloves can't withstand the long periods of operation due to tear and wear. Additionally, surgical teams do not change gloves during surgical operations. During this time the risk of contamination is high, and they need to use double gloves to reduce perforation and enhance protection from this blood bore pathogens (Partecke et al. 2009). According to Korniewicz El-Masri, (2012), they noted that double gloving was essential in reducing the number of surgical cross?infection. Health workers in their daily work experience to many risks of getting into contact with pathogens. Operation room must have high standards of cleanliness and the gloves to be used by the experts must be sterilized. These acts ensure no infection of the patients from the surgical team and also the team from the patients. Close contact with the blood increase the chances of infection. Double gloving have mainly two merits according to them. Firstly, it protects the workers from contamination by minimizing the contact with the victim's blood and fluids. Secondly, double gloving reduces the number of holes made to the innermost gloves. The holes may act as a passage for the pathogens to the worker's body. The inner glove is the barrier and protector of the worker. Although the study they conducted did not suggest that lack of double gloving caused c ontamination, the results indicated some possibility due to the perforations of the outer glove. Surgical wound contact with the surgical team member may result from infection from the microorganisms. The intact gloves are very useful ha they prevent this. Comparison between the use of single gloves and the use of single gloves by Laurikainen, Rintala, Kaarto Routamaa, (2016) shows the puncture rates of the gloves and the rates which the puncture of gloves was unnoticed during the operations periods. The study indicated that the holes in the single gloves were many than the double gloves used by the surgical team. The puncture in most cases went on unnoticed, and this is a significant exposure to danger to both the workers and the patients. In orthopedic and trauma surgery the surgeons using single gloves are in 13 times risk of blood infection than those using double gloving. The holes made to the inner gloves are also very few in double gloving. It is, therefore, important to use double gloving for ultimate protection (Uckay, Hoffmeyer, Lew Pittet,2013). According to Misteli et al. (2009), the surgical site infection increases when holes made in the gloves during the surgical operation. The surgical infection rate was 4.5%, and this showed that punctured gloves were hazardous. However, applying antibiotics to the gloves, the rate of infection was significantly low than without antimicrobial prophylaxis. These were the visible indication that absence antimicrobial prophylaxis the glove perforation increased the surgical site infection. Health workers have the duty to ensure that all people live the healthy life free from disease and suffering. From the above case studies, it is clear that health workers are exposed to infections as they carry out their daily activities of ensuring healthy living conditions. They are exposed to blood from the patients, and in the event, it is infected they may end up being infected with diseases. Not only workers are the risks of infections but also surgical wounds of patients may be infected in case of contact with the dirty environment and germs in the patient's bodies. It is ethical to ensure clean operations rooms for the safety of all the people. Gloves protect contamination but due to long hours in the surgery rooms by surgical teams they may end up having holes due to friction during work. This holes may cause infection, and therefore the workers should use two or more gloves to reduce contaminations in a case of puncture of the outer glove. Currently, diseases have emerged which are very dangerous and other with no cure like Ebola and HIV/AIDS respectively. These diseases claim many lives and their treatment are very costly to the people. The workers work in conditions where they are exposed to blood hence the high danger of contamination. Hospitals and health centers should ensure the protection of their works from infections. Surgical teams should use two, three or more gloves during the surgical operation instead of one glove. Double gloving reduces contact of the body of workers with the patients' blood and fluids during operations (Childs,2013). Surgical workers argue that double gloving has many disadvantages. Some argue that gloves make them feel uncomfortable when working. Majorly the reason behind the surgical team not using double gloving is based on lack of information and misconceptions. It is, therefore, crucial for the government and the health stakeholders to educate the health workers the benefits of double gloving in infection reduction. Using more gloves does not cost the workers anything, and therefore they should consider it. In the case of infections due to negligence and ignorance, the individuals will incur more expenses and may also die if infected by incurable diseases like HIV/AIDS. These can lead to emotional stress and poverty to the relatives. As they ensure healthy lives of also people, they should also monitor they lives to ensure continued service to the community (Papageorgiou,2015). In conclusion, double gloving reduces chances of infection compared to in cases of intraoperative glove perforation and needle stick injuries. Infection of the health workers is an occupational danger and therefore the staff should use double gloving to reduce any chances of infection. In summary, there is a lot of literature evidence that should double gloving reduces disease, and therefore the surgical team should use it. Prevention is better than cure and therefore all the people should campaign for double gloving. In the case of any accidents, quick actions should be taken to ensure good health of the health professionals. Care and attention should be made in all surgical operations. References Alexander, J. W., Solomkin, J. S., Edwards, M. J. (2011). Updated recommendations for control of surgical site infections.Annals of surgery,253(6), 1082-1093. Childs, T. (2013). Use of double gloving to reduce surgical personnels risk of exposure to blood borne pathogens: An integrative review.AORN journal,98(6), 585-596. Korniewicz, D., El-Masri, M. (2012). Exploring the benefits of double gloving during surgery.AORN journal,95(3), 328-336. Laurikainen, E., Rintala, E., Kaarto, A. M., Routamaa, M. (2016). Adherence to surgical hand rubbing directives in a hospital district of Southwest Finland*.Infectious Diseases,48(2), 116-121. Misteli, H., Weber, W. P., Reck, S., Rosenthal, R., Zwahlen, M., Fueglistaler, P., ... Marti, W. R. (2009). Surgical glove perforation and the risk of surgical site infection. Archives of Surgery, 144(6), 553-558. Papageorgiou, M. (2015). Double gloving in the operating theater: The benefits and the potential drawbacks. Australian Medical Student Journal, 6(2). Partecke, L. I., Goerdt, A. M., Langner, I., Jaeger, B., Assadian, O., Heidecke, C. D., ... Huebner, N. O. (2009). The incidence of micro perforation for surgical gloves depends on the duration of wear. Infection Control Hospital Epidemiology, 30(05), 409-414. Partecke, L. I., Goerdt, A. M., Langner, I., Jaeger, B., Assadian, O., Heidecke, C. D., ... Huebner, N. O. (2009). Incidence of micro perforation for surgical gloves depends on duration of wear.Infection Control Hospital Epidemiology,30(05), 409-414. Uckay, I., Hoffmeyer, P., Lew, D., Pittet, D. (2013). Prevention of surgical site infections in orthopedic surgery and bone trauma: state-of-the-art update.Journal of Hospital Infection,84(1), 5-12.

Sprite charts Essay Example For Students

Sprite charts Essay A belief in the concept of prophets, or chosen guides who are contacted why God and given a mission to teach and/or lead. A belief in a last day for the earth, when it will all end and then all souls will be brought back to God for a review of their record to beliefs and actions. A belief in the foreknowledge to God regarding the future, A belief in a next life. The soul will live on after judgment day and exist in either Paradise or Hellfire Some souls, whose sins are minor, will be allowed to leave Hellfire and enter Paradise after their punishment has been served. A newly converted Muslim is called a Mullah. There are five pillars, or foundations, of Islam but the primary, and most important is to believe that there is only one God and creator, referred to as Allah (the word for the name Of God in Arabic) and that the Islamic prophet, Muhammad, is His last and final messenger. A person is considered to have converted to Islam from the moment he or she sincerely makes this declaration faith, called the shaded. Salvation in Islam refers to the eventual entrance to heaven. The word does not cover the possible entry to hellfire, or the different levels of hellfire and heaven. Islam teaches that people who die disbelieving in the God do not receive salvation. It also teaches that non-Muslims who die believing in the God but disbelieving in his message Islam), are left to His will. Those who die believing in the One God and his message Islam receive salvation. Narrated Nanas that Muhammad said, Whoever said None has the right to be worshipped but Allah and has in his heart good (faith) equal to the weight of a barley grain will be taken out of Hell, And whoever said, None has the right to be worshipped but Allah and has in his heart good (faith) equal to the weight of a wheat grain will be taken out of Hell. And whoever (faith) equal to the weight of an atom will be taken out of Hell.